Urethral Catheters
SOC Instructions
SN instructed that a urinary catheter is a flexible tube made of latex, silicone, or another material, which is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. Its purpose is to drain urine from the bladder when a person is unable to do so naturally. There are different types of urinary catheters, including indwelling catheters (which remain in the bladder for an extended period) and intermittent catheters (which are inserted and removed as needed).
Urinary catheters are used for various medical reasons, such as:
Urinary Retention: When a person is unable to empty their bladder naturally due to various medical conditions or surgeries.
Surgery: In some surgical procedures, a catheter may be used to monitor urine output during and after the surgery.
Incontinence Management: In cases where a person has severe urinary incontinence or other conditions that require continuous drainage of urine.
Monitoring Urine Output: In critical care settings, catheters can be used to closely monitor a patient's urine output, which can be an important indicator of kidney function.
End-of-Life Care: In palliative care or hospice settings, catheters may be used to provide comfort and maintain dignity for patients who are unable to control their bladder function.
SN noted that it's important to note that urinary catheters should be inserted and managed by trained healthcare professionals to reduce the risk of complications and infections. Improper use or handling of catheters can lead to urinary tract infections and other complications.
Education 1
SN taught that irrigating a urinary catheter involves flushing the catheter and the bladder with a sterile solution. This procedure is typically performed to ensure the catheter remains clear and free from blockages. It's particularly important for individuals with indwelling catheters, as sediment or blood clots can occasionally obstruct the tubing. During the irrigation process, a healthcare professional attaches a syringe filled with a sterile saline solution to the catheter's port. The solution is then gently instilled into the catheter, allowing it to flow into the bladder. Once inside, it helps to clear any debris or clots that may be present. The solution is then drained from the bladder along with the urine when the catheter is opened. This procedure is usually performed by trained healthcare providers to maintain the catheter's functionality and ensure the unobstructed flow of urine. It's crucial for individuals with catheters to follow their healthcare provider's specific instructions regarding when and how to perform catheter irrigation to prevent complications and maintain urinary health.
Education 2
SN educated that Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be a concern for individuals with catheters, as the presence of a catheter can provide a pathway for bacteria to enter the urinary system. Here are some signs and symptoms of a UTI in a person with a catheter:
Frequent Urination: An increase in the frequency of urination, often accompanied by a strong and persistent urge to urinate.
Urgency: Sudden and intense urges to urinate, sometimes leading to involuntary leakage (urge incontinence).
Burning Sensation or Pain: Pain, burning, or discomfort during urination, which is known as dysuria.
Cloudy or Bloody Urine: Changes in the appearance of urine, such as cloudiness or the presence of blood.
Foul-Smelling Urine: A strong, unpleasant odor emanating from the urine, which may indicate the presence of infection.
Discomfort or Pain in the Lower Abdomen or Pelvis: This can be a general discomfort or a more localized pain in the lower part of the abdomen.
Fever or Chills: In some cases, a UTI can lead to systemic symptoms like fever, chills, and malaise.
Back Pain: Pain in the lower back, particularly near the sides or around the kidneys, may indicate a more severe infection that has spread to the upper urinary tract.
Changes in Mental Status (in older adults): In older individuals, particularly those with dementia, a UTI can sometimes lead to confusion or changes in mental alertness.
Nausea and Vomiting: In severe cases, a UTI can cause nausea and vomiting.
SN reminded that it's important to note that individuals with catheters may not always experience the typical symptoms of a UTI, such as burning during urination, because the catheter bypasses the urethra. Therefore, changes in the appearance, odor, or quantity of urine can be important indicators of a UTI in this population.
Education 3
SN educated that keeping a urinary catheter secure and comfortable is important to prevent discomfort, potential complications, and to ensure proper drainage. Here are some tips to help keep a urinary catheter from pulling on you:
Secure the Catheter Tubing: Use tape or a securement device to secure the catheter tubing to your leg or abdomen, following your healthcare provider's recommendations. Make sure the tape is not too tight to avoid restricting blood flow.
Position the Bag Correctly: Hang the drainage bag below the level of your bladder, ensuring gravity helps with urine flow. Attach it to a stable structure like the bed frame or a designated hook.
Use a Leg Bag Holder: Consider using a leg bag holder or a specially designed garment that can help support the weight of the bag and prevent it from pulling on the catheter.
Avoid Tugging or Pulling: Be mindful of your movements to prevent accidentally tugging or pulling on the catheter. Avoid sudden or forceful movements, and be careful when changing positions.
Wear Loose-Fitting Clothing: Opt for loose-fitting clothing that provides ample room for the catheter tubing without putting undue pressure on it. Avoid tight waistbands or belts.
Ensure Proper Catheter Length: Ensure that the catheter is not excessively long, as this can increase the risk of it getting tangled or pulled. Your healthcare provider will trim the catheter to an appropriate length during the initial placement.
Empty the Bag Regularly: Regularly emptying the drainage bag helps prevent it from becoming too heavy and placing unnecessary strain on the catheter.
Avoid Kinks or Bends in Tubing: Ensure the tubing is free from kinks or sharp bends, which can obstruct urine flow and cause discomfort.
Be Mindful During Transfers: If you need to transfer from one surface to another (e.g., from bed to chair), do so with care. Avoid dragging the catheter tubing and ensure it moves freely.
Consult Your Healthcare Provider: If you're experiencing discomfort or have concerns about catheter placement, contact your healthcare provider. They can assess the situation and make any necessary adjustments.
Remember, it's crucial to follow your healthcare provider's specific instructions for catheter care and maintenance. If you experience any signs of infection, blockage, or other complications, seek prompt medical attention.
Education 4
SN instructed that keeping the catheter bag lower than your waist is important for two main reasons:
Preventing Backflow and Infection: Gravity plays a crucial role in the drainage of urine from the bladder through the catheter. By keeping the bag below the level of your bladder, you ensure that urine flows freely into the bag without any obstructions. If the bag were positioned higher than your bladder, there would be a risk of urine backflow, potentially leading to infections or other complications.
Minimizing Strain on the Catheter: When the catheter bag is positioned lower, it reduces the amount of pressure or tension on the catheter tubing. This minimizes the risk of kinking or bending of the tubing, which can obstruct urine flow or cause discomfort. It also helps prevent any unnecessary strain on the catheter insertion site, which could lead to complications.
SN summarized that keeping the catheter bag positioned lower than your waist ensures proper drainage, reduces the risk of complications, and helps maintain the integrity of the catheter system. Always follow your healthcare provider's specific instructions regarding the positioning and care of your catheter and drainage bag.